Head & Neck cancer
“Head and neck cancer” is a collective term that includes several different types of cancers. Cancers of the head and neck are categorized by the area in which they begin. This includes the mouth (oral cavity), throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), sinuses and nose cavity, and salivary glands.
The most common type of head and neck cancer is squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCCA). Most HNSCCA begins in the layer of flat cells (the epithelium) which line the structures of the upper aerodigestive tract, including the mouth, throat, and voice box.
You are at RISK if you:
- Red or white patch in the mouth
- Lump or mass in the head or neck area (with or without pain)
- Persistent sore throat
- Foul mouth odor not
- explained by hygiene
- Hoarseness or change in voice
- Nasal obstruction or persistent nasal congestion
- Frequent nose bleeds and/or unusual nasal discharge
- Difficulty in breathing
- Pain or difficulty in chewing, swallowing or moving the jaws or tongue
- Ear and/or jaw pain
- Loosing of teeth / dentures that no longer fit
- Unexplained weight loss, fatigue
- Non healing mouth ulcer
When a patient is suspected with Head & Neck Cancer, the examining clinician evaluates the medical history and performs a detailed physical examination. Other diagnostic tests are performed depending upon the area of suspicion. A biopsy (study of a tissue sample from the suspected area under the microscope) / FNAC is mandatory to confirm the diagnosis of cancer.
Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Options
Treatment for head and neck cancer depends on individual factors, including the exact location of the tumor, stage of the tumor, and a person’s general health. These conventional treatments for head and neck cancer (surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy) may be used alone or in combination, depending on stage and location.
Head and neck cancer is highly curable—often with single-modality therapy (surgery or radiation)—if detected early. More advanced head and neck cancers are generally treated with various combinations of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. With any treatment plan, the goal is not only to remove the cancer, but also to preserve the functions of the structures involved in speaking, swallowing, and expression.